softskill - 4 !

Relative Clauses

Exercise : 37                                   page : 138

1. The last record which was produced by this company became a gold record.
2. Checking accounts which require a minimum balance are very common now.
3. The professor whom you spoke yesterday is not here today.
4. John whose the highest grades in the school has received a scholarship.
5. Felipe bought a camera which has three lenses.
6. Frank is the man whom we are going to nominate for the office treasurer.
7. The doctor is with a patient whose leg was broken in an accident.
8. Jane is the woman who is going to China next year.
9. Jane wants a typewriter
10. This book which I found last week contains some useful information.
11. Mr. Bryant whose team has lost the game looks very sad.
12. James wrote an article which indicated he disliked president.
13. The director of the program who graduated from Harvard University is planning to retire next year.
14. This is the book which I have been looking for all year.
15. William whose brother is a lawyer wants to become a judge.

Exerciese 38                           page : 139

1. George is the man chosen to represent the committee at the convention.
2. All of the money accepted has already been released.
3. The papers on the table belong is Patricia.
4. The man brought to the police station confessed to the crime.
5. The girl drinking coffee is Mary Allen.
6. John’s wife, a professor, has written several papers on this subject.
7. The man talking to the policeman is my uncle.
8. The book on the top shelf is the one I need.
9. The number of students counted is quite high.
10. Leo Evans, a doctor, eats in this restaurant every day.

Articel

Defining relative clauses:

1: The relative pronoun is the subject:

First, let's consider when the relative pronoun is the subject of a defining relative clause.

We can use 'who', 'which' or 'that'. We use 'who' for people and 'which' for things. We can use 'that' for people or things.

The relative clause can come after the subject or the object of the sentence. We can't drop the relative pronoun.

For example (clause after the object of the sentence):

• I'm looking for a secretary who / that can use a computer well.
• She has a son who / that is a doctor.
• We bought a house which / that is 200 years old.
• I sent a letter which / that arrived three weeks later.

More examples (clause after the subject of the sentence):

• The people who / that live on the island are very friendly.
• The man who / that phoned is my brother.
• The camera which / that costs £100 is over there.
• The house which / that belongs to Julie is in London.

2: The relative pronoun is the object:

Next, let's talk about when the relative pronoun is the object of the clause. In this case we can drop the relative pronoun if we want to. Again, the clause can come after the subject or the object of the sentence. Here are some examples:

(Clause after the object)

• She loves the chocolate (which / that) I bought.
• We went to the village (which / that) Lucy recommended.
• John met a woman (who / that) I had been to school with.
• The police arrested a man (who / that) Jill worked with.

(Clause after the subject)

• The bike (which / that) I loved was stolen.
• The university (which / that) she likes is famous.
• The woman (who / that) my brother loves is from Mexico.
• The doctor (who / that) my grandmother liked lives in New York.

 (http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/relative-clauses.html)

softskill 3

Exercise 35 : Passive Voice

1. The president is called by somebody everyday.
2. The other members is being called by John.
3. Mr. Watson will be called by somebody tonight.
4. Considerable damage has been caused by the fire.
5. The supplies should be bought by the teacher for this class.

Exercise 36 : Causative Verbs
Page 135

1. The Teacher made Juan to leave the room.
2. Toshiko had her car repaired by a mechanic.
3. Ellen got Marvin to type her paper.
4. I made Jane to call her friend on the telephone.
5. We got our house painted last week.
6. Dr. Byrd is having the students to write a composition.
7. The policemen made the suspect to lie on the ground.
8. Mark got his transcripts sent to the university.
9. Maria is getting her hair cut tomorrow.
10. We will have to get the Dean to sign this form.
11. The teacher let Al leave the classroom.
12. Maria got Ed to washed the pipettes.
13. She always has her car fixed by the same mechanic.
14. Gene got his book published by a subsidy publisher.
15. We have to help Janet to fins her keys.

softskill - second month

Summary of Cause–Effect Connectors "Connectives"

SO + CLAUSE
So (result/ effect) is a, which joins a clause expressing result/effect.  The connector with its clause is placed after the main clause (in mid-sentence position) A comma usually separates the clause.
This is called a coordinator, linking adverb, coordinating conjunction. In UUEG, it is placed before a dependent clause, which is attached to an independent clause.
He saw starving children, so he helped them. [effect/result]
He helped, for he knew they could survive. [cause/reason]
Cause : *for (reason or cause)  
*rarely used, very formal
Effect : so (result)
 
SO/SUCH…THAT + CLAUSE
So or Such is paired with a that-clause to express a cause-effect relationship.  So (adv) modifies or intensifies an adjective or adverb in the cause-clause. Such (adv) modifies the adjective+noun phrase in the cause-clause. And that follows with the effect-clause.
This is often called an adverbial clause, a degree adverb/ intensifier with a that-clause or an adverbial expression..
He raised so much money that he could open a "food bank".
He raised such a large amount of money that he could open a "food bank".
He raised enough money that he could open a "food bank". 
Cause : so…   (emphasis on cause)
such… (emphasis on cause)
enough…that
sufficiently…that
Effect : …that   (effect)
…that   (effect)



BECAUSE + CLAUSE
Because, as, since, etc., joins a clause expressing reason/cause. The cause-clause may be placed before or after the effect-clause.
This is called a preposition, an adverbial or a subordinating conjunction, or an adverb clause.
The children survived because they received help.
Because they received help, the children survived.
The children survived because of the help. (noun phrase)
Cause : because, since, now that, as, as long as, inasmuch as, because of, due to, owing to, on account of, despite , if only because
Effect : so that   (purpose-result)
in order   (purpose-result)
 

CONSEQUENTLY + CLAUSE
Consequently, As a result, or etc., expresses a relationship between two clauses.  The word transitions the reader or listener from the main idea in one clause to the idea in the next clause.
This is also called a connective adjunct, linking adverb, conjunctive adverb or transition.
People helped. Consequently, the children survived.
People helped. For this reason, the children survived.
People helped; as a consequence, the children survived.
Cause : For this reason, For all these reasons
Effect : Therefore, Consequently, As a consequence, As a result, Thus

starving (adj.) – suffering without food; not having food to eat
food bank (n.) – a place that gives bags of food to the poor
survive (v.) – to continue to live in difficult conditions (accident, war, illness)
Also see The reason is..., The main reason for this is... Causes / is caused by, Results in/ Results from

sumber : www.grammar-quizzes.com/8-7.html

EXERCISE 33 PAGE 121

1.      It was difficult to deliver the letter  because  the sender had written the wrong address on the envelope.

2.      We decided to leave early because of  the party was boring.

3.      Rescue attempts were temporarily halted  because of  the bad weather.

4.      They visited they friends often  because  they enjoyed their company.

5.      Paul cannot go to the football game  because  his grades.

6.      Marcella was awarded a scholarship  because  her superior scholastic ability.

7.      Nobody ventured outdoors  because of  the hurricane warnings.

8.      We plan to spend our vacation in the mountains  because of  the air is purer there.

9.      We have to drive around the bay  because of  the bridge was destroyed in the storm.

10.  The chicken have died  because of  the intense heat.

 

EXCERSICE 34 PAGE 124

1.      The sun shone  so  brightly that Maria had to put on her sunglasses.

2.      Dean was  such  a powerful swimmer that he always won the races.

3.      There were  so  few students registered that the class was cancelled.

4.      We had  such  wonderful memories of that place that we decided to return.

5.      We had  such a good time at the party that we hated to leave.

6.      The benefit was  so  great a success that the promoters decided to repeat it.

7.      It was  such  a nice day that we decided to go to the beach.

8.      Jane looked  so  sick that the nurse told her to go home.

9.      Those were  such  a difficult assignments that we spent two weeks finishing them.

10.  Ray called at  such  an early hour that we weren’t awake yet.

11.  The book look  so  interesting that he decided to read it.

12.  He worked  so  carefully that it took him a long time to complete the project.

13.  We stayed in the sun for  such a long time that we became sunburned.

14.  There were  so  many people on the bus that we decided to walk.

15.  The program was  so  entertaining that nobody wanted to miss it.