SO + CLAUSE
So (result/ effect) is a, which joins a clause expressing result/effect. The connector with its clause is placed after the main clause (in mid-sentence position) A comma usually separates the clause.
This is called a coordinator, linking adverb, coordinating conjunction. In UUEG, it is placed before a dependent clause, which is attached to an independent clause.
He saw starving children, so he helped them. [effect/result]
He helped, for he knew they could survive. [cause/reason]
Cause : *for (reason or cause)
*rarely used, very formal
Effect : so (result)
SO/SUCH…THAT + CLAUSE
So or Such is paired with a that-clause to express a cause-effect relationship. So (adv) modifies or intensifies an adjective or adverb in the cause-clause. Such (adv) modifies the adjective+noun phrase in the cause-clause. And that follows with the effect-clause.
This is often called an adverbial clause, a degree adverb/ intensifier with a that-clause or an adverbial expression..
He raised so much money that he could open a "food bank".
He raised such a large amount of money that he could open a "food bank".
He raised enough money that he could open a "food bank".
Cause : so… (emphasis on cause)
such… (emphasis on cause)
enough…that
sufficiently…that
Effect : …that (effect)
…that (effect)
BECAUSE + CLAUSE
Because, as, since, etc., joins a clause expressing reason/cause. The cause-clause may be placed before or after the effect-clause.
This is called a preposition, an adverbial or a subordinating conjunction, or an adverb clause.
The children survived because they received help.
Because they received help, the children survived.
The children survived because of the help. (noun phrase)
Cause : because, since, now that, as, as long as, inasmuch as, because of, due to, owing to, on account of, despite , if only because
Effect : so that (purpose-result)
in order (purpose-result)
CONSEQUENTLY + CLAUSE
Consequently, As a result, or etc., expresses a relationship between two clauses. The word transitions the reader or listener from the main idea in one clause to the idea in the next clause.
This is also called a connective adjunct, linking adverb, conjunctive adverb or transition.
People helped. Consequently, the children survived.
People helped. For this reason, the children survived.
People helped; as a consequence, the children survived.
Cause : For this reason, For all these reasons
Effect : Therefore, Consequently, As a consequence, As a result, Thus
starving (adj.) – suffering without food; not having food to eat
food bank (n.) – a place that gives bags of food to the poor
survive (v.) – to continue to live in difficult conditions (accident, war, illness)
Also see The reason is..., The main reason for this is... Causes / is caused by, Results in/ Results from
sumber : www.grammar-quizzes.com/8-7.html
EXERCISE
33 PAGE 121
1. It
was difficult to deliver the letter because
the sender had written the wrong
address on the envelope.
2. We
decided to leave early because of the party was boring.
3. Rescue
attempts were temporarily halted because
of the bad weather.
4. They
visited they friends often because
they enjoyed their company.
5. Paul
cannot go to the football game because
his grades.
6. Marcella
was awarded a scholarship because
her superior scholastic ability.
7. Nobody
ventured outdoors because of the hurricane warnings.
8. We
plan to spend our vacation in the mountains because of the air is purer there.
9. We
have to drive around the bay because
of the bridge was destroyed in
the storm.
10. The
chicken have died because of the intense heat.
EXCERSICE
34 PAGE 124
1. The
sun shone so brightly that Maria had to put on her
sunglasses.
2. Dean
was such a powerful swimmer that he always won the
races.
3. There
were so few students registered that the class was
cancelled.
4. We
had such wonderful memories of that place that we
decided to return.
5. We
had such a good time at the party that
we hated to leave.
6. The
benefit was so great a success that the promoters decided to
repeat it.
7. It
was such a nice day that we decided to go to the beach.
8. Jane
looked so sick that the nurse told her to go home.
9. Those
were such a difficult assignments that we spent two
weeks finishing them.
10. Ray
called at such an early hour that we weren’t awake yet.
11. The
book look so interesting that he decided to read it.
12. He
worked so carefully that it took him a long time to
complete the project.
13. We
stayed in the sun for such
a long time that we became sunburned.
14. There
were so many people on the bus that we decided to
walk.
15. The
program was so entertaining that nobody wanted to miss it.
